Tensile properties, compression set, tear strength, durometer hardness, abrasion resistance, and ozone test reference for elastomer qualification (ASTM D412, D395, D624, D2240, D1149; ISO 4649)
◉ ASTM D412-16(2021), D395-02, D624-00(2012), D2240-15, D1149-07 STYLE CHECK · NOT A REGULATORY SUBMISSION TOOL
⚠ Indicative tool only. D412, D395, D624, D2240, and D1149 were uploaded as complete standards and every formula below is verified against their own text/tables/images. Abrasion Resistance uses ISO 4649 (the international method ASTM D5963 itself cites as equivalent) — its volume-loss and ARI relationships are stated explicitly in the standard's own words even though the exact equation numbering wasn't captured; both were verified to produce physically sensible results before being added.
Identification
Research entries stay private to you for practice/testing. Switch to Official once this is a real design your company should see.
Tensile Properties (ASTM D412)
Cross-sectional area A = Die width × measured thickness. Elongation E = 100×[L−Lo]/Lo (Eq 1). Tensile stress/strength T = F/A (Eq 2, 4). Tensile set uses the same elongation formula with the post-retraction L (Eq 5).
Result
Cross-sectional area, A—
Ultimate (breaking) elongation—
Tensile strength, TS—
Tensile set—
Die
A
B
C (min)
D
F
G (rad)
H (rad)
L
W
Die A
25
40
140
32
38
14
25
59
12
Die B
25
40
140
32
38
14
25
59
6
Die C
25
40
115
32
19
14
14
33
6
Die D
16
40
100
32
19
14
14
33
3
Die E
16
30
125
32
38
14
16
59
3
Die F
16
30
125
32
38
14
16
59
6
All dimensions in mm. W = narrow (gauge) section width, used for cross-sectional area above.
Compression Set (ASTM D395)
Method A: CA = [(to−ti)/to]×100 (Eq 1). Method B: CB = [(to−ti)/(to−tn)]×100 (Eq 2). Method B is the default unless a detailed specification states otherwise; Method B is not suitable for vulcanizates harder than 90 IRHD.
Result
Compression set—
Tear Strength (ASTM D624)
Ts = F/d (Eq 1) — one formula for all five specimen types. For Types A/B/C, F is the maximum force; for T/CP, F is the peak, valley, mean, or median force from the recording trace. For Type CP, subtract 3.60mm from the measured total groove thickness to account for mold insert sections, if measuring that way.
Result
Tear strength, Ts—
Tear strength (lbf/in)—
Durometer Hardness Spring Force (ASTM D2240)
Spring force is linear in the indicated hardness value for each type: F = F0 + (slope × H). Verified against Table 1's own published endpoints (each type's force at H=100 reproduces exactly). Useful for durometer calibration checks — confirm your instrument's actual applied force matches the expected value at a given dial reading.
Result
Expected spring force—
Calibration tolerance—
Ozone Exposure Test Reference (ASTM D1149)
At standard atmospheric pressure (100 kPa), pphm and mPa are numerically equal (the standard's own worked reference: 50 mPa = 50 pphm at 100 kPa). Standard test ozone partial pressures: 25, 50, 100, and 200 mPa (±10%); standard concentration for routine testing is 50±5 mPa.
Result
Ozone partial pressure—
Abrasion Resistance (ISO 4649, equivalent to ASTM D5963)
Volume loss = mass loss / density (confirmed directly in the standard's own text, ISO 4649 §9.1). Abrasion Resistance Index ARI (%) = (reference volume loss / test volume loss) × 100 — a smaller volume loss is better; a larger ARI is better. Standard test conditions: 10 N ± 0.2 N vertical force (5 N or 20 N for special cases), 40 m abrasion distance (reduced to 20 m and result ×2 if mass loss exceeds 600 mg), 2.0±0.2 mm specimen protrusion.